Can a confession be considered involuntary for any confession to be admissible?

For a confession to be admissible in court, it must meet the standard of voluntariness. The requirement for a confession to be considered voluntary hinges on the circumstances under which it was made. This encompasses a range of factors, such as the presence of coercion, the physical and psychological environment in which the confession took place, and the characteristics of the individual confessing (like age and mental competency).

In essence, if a confession is deemed involuntary—such as if it was made under duress, coercive interrogation tactics, or significant psychological pressure—it will not be admissible as evidence. Courts aim to protect individuals from wrongful admissions of guilt that result from such interrogative pressures. Therefore, option C accurately reflects that a confession must be made under voluntary circumstances to be considered admissible, ensuring that the justice system operates fairly and justly.

The other options don't align with this principle; simply being recorded does not guarantee voluntariness, and the absence of physical harm does not automatically validate the circumstances of a confession. These considerations don't encompass the broader legal definition of what constitutes a voluntary confession.