What type of counsel may a defendant have at critical stages if indigent?

A defendant who is indigent, meaning they cannot afford to hire a lawyer, has the right to state-appointed counsel at critical stages of the legal process. This right stems from the Sixth Amendment, which guarantees the right to counsel for defendants in criminal cases.

Critical stages refer to key points in the legal proceedings where a defendant's rights could be significantly affected. These stages include arraignment, plea negotiations, trial, and sentencing, among others. If a defendant is unable to afford a private attorney, the state is obligated to provide a qualified attorney to ensure that the defendant receives adequate legal representation.

This provision is a fundamental aspect of ensuring fair trial rights and maintaining the integrity of the legal system. Indigent defendants do not have the option of selecting any lawyer of their choice outside of this framework, and they also cannot proceed without legal representation at these critical points in the process. Therefore, state-appointed counsel is essential for upholding their rights and ensuring due process.