Which of the following is NOT an exception to the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine?

The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine is a legal metaphor used in criminal procedure to describe evidence that is obtained illegally and how that evidence taints any other evidence derived from it. There are several recognized exceptions to this doctrine which allow evidence that may have been tainted to be admissible in a court of law.

Evidence obtained from an independent source is a recognized exception because if the evidence was obtained from a source that is independent of the unconstitutional conduct, it does not fall under the "poisonous tree." For example, if police illegally enter a house and find a gun, but later discover the same gun through a valid search warrant, the gun may be admissible as it was obtained from an independent source.

Inevitable discovery also serves as an exception. This principle holds that if the prosecution can demonstrate that the evidence would have been discovered eventually through lawful means, it is admissible. This prevents the exclusion of evidence that would have been obtained properly regardless of the illegal action.

Defendant's intervening acts of free will is another exception. If the defendant, after experiencing unlawful police conduct, takes an independent action that leads to evidence being discovered, this may break the causal chain that links the evidence to the original unlawful search or seizure. For instance